Peptic Ulcer Disease
A peptic ulcer is a break or sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum, usually caused by increased stomach acid. The most common locations are the stomach and the first part of the small intestine.
Common Causes:
- H. pylori infection
- Regular use of NSAID painkillers
- Smoking
- Conditions that increase acid production, such as gastrinoma
- High calcium levels
- Liver cirrhosis
- Kidney failure
- Chronic lung disease (COPD)
Symptoms:
- Upper abdominal pain that is often linked to meals
- Pain that may spread to the back
- Vomiting blood or passing black stools if the ulcer bleeds
- Sudden, severe abdominal pain if the ulcer perforates
Diagnosis:
- Easily confirmed with an upper GI endoscopy
- A biopsy from the antrum is taken to test for H. pylori
Treatment:
- Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) to reduce acid
- Eradication therapy for H. pylori if present